It will take state leaders standing up and saying NO. 26 states were against this. If 26 states did not send in Federal Tax Revenue and kept it in their states the Fed Govt would take note. They can not put us all in jail. It would be on the Federal Govt to make the first military move to try to enforce it.
First, most taxes aren't remitted by the states. They are remitted by the individuals and business entities within the states. So if you didn't remit them, it is not like the states would have the funds. Further, most income taxes are withheld at the employer level. They do have a lot to lose if they decide to ignore federal laws.
As in many situations, they don't have to "put everyone in jail". A few high profile cases usually suffices.
